| Nursing Diagnosis | Rationale |
|---|---|
| Ineffective Airway Clearance | -Auscultate, assess, and monitor breath sounds; note rate, i/e ratio, and adventitious sounds -Evaluate degree of dyspnea -Comfort; elevate HOB, lean over on table, sit on edge of bed -Minimize exposure to dust, smoke, feathers -Observe cough -Increase fluid intake within cardiac tolerance (3000mL). Warm or tepid liquid. |
| Impaired Gas Exchange | -Asses RR; note accessory muscle use, purse-lip breathing, inability to speak -Elevate HOB; encourage deep, slow, purse-lip breathing -Monitor skin/mucus membrane color -Encourage sputum; suction as needed -Auscultate breath sounds -Palpate for fremitus -Evaluate level of activity intolerance and sleep patterns -Vitals and cardia rhythm |
| Imbalanced Nutrition | -Assess dietary habits -Auscultate bowel sounds -Frequent Oral care -Avoid gas-producing, carbonated, very-hot, and very-cold beverages/foods -Weigh -Administer O2 with meals as indicated |
| Risk of Infection | -Monitor temp -Observe sputum odor, color, character; obtain specimen by deep cough/suction -Stress hygiene and proper tissue disposal -Monitor visitors -Encourage balance b/t activity and rest -Discuss adequate nutrition intake -Administer antimicrobials as indicated |
| Knowledge Deficit | -Explain disease process -Stress oral and dental hygiene! -Discuss avoiding people with Resp. Infections. Discuss individual aggravating factors. Avoidance of smoking/harmful pollutants. Activity limitations. Need for follow-up appointments. -Discuss medications, O2 needs, inhaler usage and technique |
Below are some helpful links that go more in depth in nursing care for individuals with COPD:
1) This website is my favorite and is the most clear about the different nursing care interventions to give. It is longer and in-depth, however very organized and extremely easy to read! Because of it's informative and simple format, this is important for nurses to read through because it touches on all key interventions, while not presenting it like a paper or essay!
NurseLabs.com for COPD
2) This website gives interventions/care and rationales for that care in two VERY BRIEF lists: one for chronic bronchitis, and one for emphysema. I recommend this website to the nurse who simply needs a brief list for COPD patients on a case-by-case basis.
NursingFile.com for COPD
3) Also here is a great resource from The Asthma Foundation to send your patients home with for management guidance!!
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ReplyDeleteCOPD is a collection of diseases which make breathing gradually more difficult. The most common symptoms of COPD are sputum production, shortness of breath, and a productive cough. If you have this harmful disease you should take good treatment for it. Stem cells COPD treatment
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